情報源 > 更に詳しい情報[028]
参考文献

(1) Adams DD, Purves HD. Abnormal responses in the assay of thyrotrophin. Proc Univ Otago Med Sch 1956; 34: 11-2.
(2) Kriss JP, Pleshakov V, Chien JR. Isolation and identification of the long-acting thyroid stimulator and its relation to hyperthyroidism and circumscribed pretibial myxedema. J Clin Endocrinol 1964; 24: 1005-28.
(3) Rapoport B, Chazenbalk GD, Jaume JC, McLachlan SM. he thyrotropin (TSH)receptor:interaction with TSH and autoantibodies. Endocr Rev 1998;19:673-716.[Erratum,Endocr Rev 1999;20:100.]
(4) Weetman AP, DeGroot L. Autoimmunity to the thyroid gland.In: Thyroid disease manager. Chicago: Endocrine Education, 1999. (See http://www.thyroidmanager.org/) (See NAPS document no. 05570 for 30 pages, c/o Microfiche Publications, 248 Hempstead pke., West Hempstead, NY 11552.)
(5) Takata I, Suzuki Y, Saida K, Sato. Human thyroid stimulating activity and clinical state in antithyroid treatment of juvenile Graves disease. Acta Endocrinol(Copenh)1980; 94: 46-52.
(6) LiVolsi VA. Pathology. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar's the thyroid. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2000: 488-511.
(7) Weetman AP, McGregor AM, Wheeler MH, Hall R.Extrathyroidal sites of autoantibody synthesis in Graves disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 56: 330-6.
(8) Young RJ, Sherwood MB, Simpson JG, Nicol AG, Michie W, Beck JS. Histometry of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid of primary thyrotoxicosis patients:relation of extent of thyroiditis to preoperative drug treatment and preoperative hypothyroidism. J Clin Pathol 1976; 29: 398-402.
(9) Paschke R, Ludgate M.he thyrotropin receptor in thyroid diseases. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1675-81.
(10) McLachlan SM, Rapoport B.Monoclonal, human autoantibodies to the TSH receptor - the Holy Grail and why are we looking for it? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3152-4.
(11) Chazenbalk GD, Wang Y, Guo J, et al. A mouse monoclonal antibody to a thyrotropin receptor ectodomain variant provides insight into the exquisite antigenic conformational requirement, epitopes and in vivo concentration of human autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 702-10.
(12) Kosugi S, Ban, Akamizu, Valente W, Kohn LD. Use of thyrotropin receptor(TSHR)mutants to detect stimulating TSHR antibodies in hypothyroid patients with idiopathic myxedema, who have blocking TSHR antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 19-24.
(13) Martin A, Nakashima M, Zhou A, Aronson D, Werner AJ, Davies TF. Detection of major T cell epitopes on human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor by overriding immune heterogeneity in patients with Graves disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3361-6.
(14) Di Paola R, Menzaghi C, De Filippis V, Corda D, Di Cerbo A. Cyclooxygenase-dependent thyroid cell proliferation induced by immunoglobulins from patients with Graves disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 670-3.
(15) Bottazzo GF, Pujol-Borrell R, Hanafusa, Feldmann M. Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity. Lancet 1983; 2: 1115-9.
(16) Marelli-Berg FM, Weetman AP, Frasca L, et al. Antigen presentation by epithelial cells induces anergic immunoregulatory CD45R0+T cells and deletion of CD45RA+T cells. J Immunol 1997; 159: 5853-61.
(17) Heufelder AE. Pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy: recent controversies and progress. Eur J Endocrinol 1995; 132: 532-41.
(18) Small RG. Enlargement of levator palpebrae superioris muscle fibers in Graves ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 424-30.
(19) Peacey SR, Flemming L, Messenger A, Weetman AP. Is Graves ユdermopathy a generalized disorder? Thyroid 1996; 6: 41-5.
(20) Bahn RS, Heufelder AE. Pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1468-75.
(21) Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Natt N, Joba W, Spitzweg C, Heufelder AE. hyrotropin receptor expression in Graves ユorbital adipose/connective tissues:potential autoantigen in Graves ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 998-1002.
(22) Many M-C, Costagliola S, Detrait M, Denef F, Vassart G, Ludgate MC. Development of an animal model of autoimmune thyroid eye disease. J Immunol 1999; 162: 4966-74.
(23) Gunji K, Kubota S, Swanson J, et al. Role of the eye muscles in thyroid eye disease: identification of the principal autoantigens. hyroid 1998; 8: 553-6. [Erratum, Thyroid 1998; 8: 1079.]
(24) Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedus L. What is the evidence of genetic factors in the etiology of Graves disease? A brief review. hyroid 1998; 8: 627-34.
(25) Heward JM, Allahabadia A, Daykin J, et al.Linkage disequilibrium between the human leukocyte antigen class II region of the major histocompatibility complex and Graves disease: replication using a population case control and family-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3394-7.
(26) Chen Q-Y, Huang W, She J-X, Baxter F, Volpe R, Maclaren MK. HLA-DRB1*08, DRB1*03/DRB3*0101, and DRB3*0202 are susceptibility genes for Graves ユdisease in North American Caucasians, whereas DRB1*07 is protective. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3182-6.
(27) Yanagawa, Hidaka Y, Guimaraes V, Soliman M, DeGroot LJ. CTLA-4 gene polymorphism associated with Graves disease in a Caucasian population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 41-5.
(28) omer Y, Barbesino G, Greenberg DA, Concepcion E, Davies F. Linkage analysis of candidate genes in autoimmune thyroid disease.III. Detailed analysis of chromosome 14 localizes Graves ユdisease-1(GD-1) close to multinodular goiter-1(MNG-1). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 4321-7.
(29) Idem. A new Graves disease-susceptibility locus maps to chromosome 20q11.2.Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 1749-56.
(30) Barbesino G, omer Y, Concepcion ES, Davies F, Greenberg DA. Linkage analysis of candidate genes in autoimmune thyroid disease.II. Selected gender-related genes and the X-chromosome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3290-5.
(31) Chiovato L, Pinchera L. Stressful life events and Graves disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 134: 680-2.
(32) Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, anda ML, Manetti L, Dell ユUnto E, Martino E. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. Eur J Endocrinol 1995; 133: 507-12.
(33) Barclay ML, Brownlie BEW, urner JG, Wells JE. Lithium associated thyrotoxicosis: a report of 14 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf)1994; 40: 759-64.
(34) Gilquin J, Viard J-P, Jubault V, Sert C, Kazatchkine MD. Delayed occurrence of Graves disease after immune restoration with HAAR: highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 1998; 352: 1907-8.
(35) Coles AJ, Wing MG, Smith S, et al. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999; 354: 1691-5.
(36) omer Y, Davies F. Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity. Endocr Rev 1993; 14: 107-20.
(37) Vanderpump MPJ, unbridge WMG. he epidemiology of autoimmune thyroid disease. In: Volp R, ed. Autoimmune endocrinopathies. Vol.15 of Contemporary endocrinology. otowa, N. J. : Humana Press, 1999: 141-62.
(38) Jacobson DL, Gange SJ, Rose NR, Graham NM. Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 84: 223-43.
(39) Kendall-aylor P. hyrotoxicosis. In: Grossman A, ed. Clinical endocrinology. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science, 1998: 328-58.
(40) Nordyke RA, Gilbert FI Jr, Harada ASM.Graves ユdisease: influence of age on clinical findings. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 626-31.
(41) Villadolid MC, Yokoyama N, Izumi M, et al. Untreated Graves ユdisease patients without clinical ophthalmopathy demonstrate a high frequency of extraocular muscle(EOM)enlargement by magnetic resonance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2830-3.
(42) Perros P, Crombie AL, Matthews JNS, Kendall-aylor P. Age and gender influence the severity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a study of 101 patients attending a combined thyroid-eye clinic.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1993; 38: 367-72.
(43) ellez M, Cooper J, Edmonds C. Graves ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1992; 36: 291-4.
(44) Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L. Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1997; 47: 9-14. [Erratum,Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1997; 47: 632.]
(45) Fatourechi V, Pajouhi M, Fransway AF. Dermopathy of Graves disease (pretibial myxedema): review of 150 cases. Medicine (Baltimore)1994; 73: 1-7.
(46) Singer PA, Cooper DS, Levy EG, et al. reatment guidelines for patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. JAMA 1995; 273: 808-12.
(47) Carnell NE, Valente WA. hyroid nodules in Graves disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment. hyroid 1998; 8: 647-52. [Erratum, hyroid 1998; 8: 1079.]
(48) Davies F, Roti E, Braverman LE, DeGroot LJ. hyroid controversy-stimulating antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3777-85.
(49) Rees Smith B, McLachlan SM, Furmaniak J. Autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. Endocr Rev 1988; 9: 106-21.
(50) Costagliola S, Morgenthaler NG, Hoermann R, et al. Second generation assay for thyrotropin receptor antibodies has superior diagnostic sensitivity for Graves disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 90-7.
(51) Vitti P, Elisei R, onacchera M, et al. Detection of thyroid-stimulating antibody using Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with cloned human thyrotropin receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 499-503.
(52) Weetman AP, Wiersinga WM. Current management of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Europe:results of an international survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1998; 49: 21-8.
(53) Utech CI, Khatibnia U, Winter PF, Wulle KG. MR T2 relaxation time for the assessment of retrobulbar inflammation in Graves ophthalmopathy. hyroid 1995; 5: 185-93.
(54) Krassas GE, Kahaly GJ. he role of octreoscan in thyroid eye disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1999; 140: 373-5.
(55) amai H, Kasagi K, akaichi Y, et al. Development of spontaneous hypothyroidism in patients with Graves disease treated with antithyroidal drugs: clinical, immunological, and histological findings in 26 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 49-53.
(56) Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Berghout A, van der Gaag R. Effect of abnormal thyroid function on the severity of Graves ophthalmopathy. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 1098-101.
(57) Perros P, Crombie AL, Kendall-aylor P. Natural history of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1995; 42: 45-50.
(58) Gerding MN, erwee CB, Dekker FW, Koornneef L, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM. Quality of life in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy is markedly decreased:measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study instrument. hyroid 1997; 7: 885-9.
(59) Franklyn JA.he management of hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1731-8. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 559.]
(60) Burch HB, Wartofsky L. Graves ophthalmopathy: current concepts regarding pathogenesis and management. Endocr Rev 1993; 14: 747-93.
(61) Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM. Immunomodulatory treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy. hyroid 1998; 8: 545-8.
(62) Vitti P, Rago, Chiovato L, et al. Clinical features of patients with Graves disease undergoing remission after antithyroid drug treatment. hyroid 1997; 7: 369-75.
(63) Maugendre D, Gatel A, Campion L, et al. Antithyroid drugs and Graves disease ムprospective randomised assessment of long-term treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1999; 50: 127-32.
(64) Weetman AP, Pickerill AP, Watson P, Chatterjee VK, Edwards OM. reatment of Graves disease with the block-replace regimen of antithyroid drugs: the effect of treatment duration and immunogenetic susceptibility on relapse. QJM 1994; 87: 337-41.
(65) Hashizume K, Ichikawa K, Sakurai A, et al. Administration of thyroxine in treated Graves disease: effects on the level of antibodies to thyroidstimulating hormone receptors and on the risk of recurrence of hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 947-53.
(66) McIver B, Rae P, Beckett G, Wilkinson E, Gold A, oft A. Lack of effect of thyroxine in patients with Graves hyperthyroidism who are treated with an antithyroid drug. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 220-4.
(67) International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anaemia Study. Risk of agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia in relation to use of antithyroid drugs. BMJ 1988; 297: 262-5.
(68) oft AD, Weetman AP. Screening for agranulocytosis in patients treated with antithyroid drugs. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1998; 49: 271.
(69) Fukata S, Kuma K, Sugawara M. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)does not improve recovery from antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: a prospective study. Thyroid 1999; 9: 29-31.
(70) Williams KV, Nayak S, Becker D, Reyes J, Burmeister LA. Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: what have we learned? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1727-33.
(71) Solomon B, Glinoer D, Lagasse R, Wartofsky L. Current trends in the management of Graves disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 1518-24.
(72) Levy EG. reatment of Graves disease: the American way. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 11: 585-95.
(73) Ljunggren J-G, Torring O, Wallin G, et al. Quality of life aspects and costs in treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: results from a prospective, randomized study. hyroid 1998;8:653-9.
(74) Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Bogazzi F, et al. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 73-8.
(75) Bartalena L, Marcocci C, anda ML, et al. Cigarette smoking and treatment outcomes in Graves ophthalmopathy. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 632-5.
(76) Hall P, Lundell G, Holm L-E. Mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism with iodine-131. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)1993; 128: 230-4.
(77) Franklyn JA, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Betteridge J, Boyle P. Mortality after the treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 712-8.
(78) Ron E, Doody MM, Becker DV, et al. Cancer mortality following treatment for adult hyperthyroidism. JAMA 1998; 280: 347-55.
(79) Franklyn JA, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Betteridge J, Boyle P. Cancer incidence and mortality after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 1999; 353: 2111-5.
(80) Rivkees SA, Sklar C, Freemark M. he management of Graves disease in children, with special emphasis on radioiodine treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3767-76.
(81) Aizawa Y, Yoshida K, Kaise N, et al.he development of transient hypothyroidism after iodine-131 treatment in hyperthyroid patients with Graves disease: prevalence, mechanism and prognosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1997; 46: 1-5.
(82) Chiovato L, Fiore E, Vitti P, et al. Outcome of thyroid function in Graves patients treated with radioiodine: role of thyroid-stimulating and thyrotropin-blocking antibodies and of radioiodine-induced thyroid damage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 40-6. [Erratum, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2155.]
(83) Jarlov AE, Hegedus L, Kristensen L, Nygaard B, Hansen JM. Is calculation of the dose in radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism worth while? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1995; 43: 325-9.
(84) Farrar JJ, oft AD. Iodine-131 treatment of hyperthyroidism: current issues. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1991; 35: 207-12.
(85) Imseis RE, Vanmiddlesworth L, Massie JD, Bush AJ, Vanmiddlesworth NR. Pretreatment with propylthiouracil but not methimazole reduces the therapeutic efficacy of iodine-131 in hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 685-7.
(86) Chou F-F, Wang P-W, Huang SC. Results of subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves disease. hyroid 1999; 9: 253-7.
(87) Marcocci C, Bruno-Bossio G, Manetti L, et al. he course of Graves ophthalmopathy is not influenced by near total thyroidectomy: a case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)1999; 51: 503-8.
(88) Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR. Review of antithyroid drug use during pregnancy and report of a case of aplasia cutis. Thyroid 1994; 4: 129-33.
(89) Momotani N, Noh JY, Ishikawa N, Ito K.Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3633-6.
(90) Wing DA, Millar LK, Koonings PP, Montoro MN, Mestman JH. A comparison of propylthiouracil versus methimazole in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 90-5.
(91) Kung AWC, Jones BM. A change from stimulatory to blocking antibody activity in Graves disease during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 514-8.
(92) Laurberg P, Nygaard B, Glinoer D, Grussendorf M, Orgiazzi J. Guidelines for TSH-receptor antibody measurements in pregnancy:results of an evidence-based symposium organized by the European hyroid Association. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 139: 584-6.
(93) Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Pinchera A. Treating severe Graves ophthal-mopathy. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 11: 521-36.
(94) Garrity JA, Fatourechi V, Bergstralh EJ, et al. Results of transantral orbital decompression in 428 patients with severe Graves ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116: 533-47.

もどる